Modernism remains a contentious term but, even so, to exclude a group from its capacious frame is to relegate them eternally to a belatedness linked to being ‘outside’ or pre-historic (as in the case of Indigenous writers). Today it would be considered absurd to exclude writers such as Alexis Wright or Kim Scott from Modernism and Postmodernism but that does not necessarily apply to non-Anglo-Celtic writers who draw on multilingual traditions. In Australian discussions of Modernism/Modernity it is rarely noted that the protocols and conventions of Modernism brought by those postwar immigrants who arrived (and continue to arrive) in Australia from all parts of the world inevitably reshaped Australian culture. One of the barriers to researching such revision is to focus only on contributions in one language. This remains an area where much research needs to happen.

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